Bukhara is one of the oldest cities in the Central Asia. Situated at the large oasis Bukhara city was the most important checkpoint in the Great Silk Road with more than 60 caravanserais. Some time Bukhara was a capital of Samanid Empire. After disintegration of the Timurid Empire the Emirate of Bukhara was established (XVI c.). In 1868 Emir of Bukhara declared Jihad against Russia but his army was defeated and Emir had to acknowledge Russian protectorate. During the Civil War in Russia the city was taken by the Red Army, the last Emir of Bukhara escaped to Afghanistan and Soviet power was established (1920). After national delimitation in the USSR Bukhara became a regional center of Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (since 1991 independent Uzbekistan).
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